Among the many historical sites of Turfan, a settlement Jiaohe / Yargol / Yarghol is in the first place, it was the capital of the ancient state Cheshi (2300 years ago), and later – of Gaochang Kingdom, Western Areas (Tang 618-907) and the Uigur Khaganate. This is the largest and oldest well-preserved mud-brick fort in the world. It is located in ten kilometers from Turpan. Its area is 430 thousand sq. m. Two rivers bordering the settlement to east and west, determined his name - Mesopotamia. Jiaohe was built over 3,000 years ago, this is the oldest city in the Turfan Basin.
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